Ulysses by Alfred, Lord Tennyson | Bengali Meaning, Most Important MCQ Question & Answer One-Liner | HS 3rd Semester English

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Ulysses: Summary and Fact File

Here's a quick overview and some key facts about the poem:

Summary

English Summary:

The poem is a dramatic monologue spoken by the Greek hero Ulysses (Odysseus) in his old age. He expresses his discontent with his current life as king of Ithaca, finding it dull and unproductive compared to his past adventures. He reflects on his extensive travels and experiences, stating that he has become a part of everything he has encountered. Despite his age, Ulysses feels an unquenchable thirst for new knowledge and experiences. He decides to leave his kingdom to his son, Telemachus, whom he describes as capable and responsible but focused on domestic duties. Ulysses then addresses his loyal mariners, who have shared his past journeys. He reminds them that despite being old, they are still capable of undertaking one last glorious voyage. He urges them to join him in sailing beyond the known world, seeking new adventures and knowledge until death. The poem ends with a powerful declaration of their enduring will to strive, seek, find, and not yield.

Bengali Summary:

"Ulysses" কবিতাটি হলো গ্রীক বীর ইউলিসিসের (হোমারীয় ওডিসিয়াস) বার্ধক্যে বলা একটি নাটকীয় স্বগতোক্তি। ইথাকার রাজা হিসেবে তার বর্তমান জীবনের প্রতি অসন্তুষ্টি প্রকাশ করেছেন তিনি, যা তার অতীতের দুঃসাহসিক অভিযানের তুলনায় নিস্তেজ ও অনুৎপাদনশীল মনে হয়েছে। তিনি তার বিশাল ভ্রমণ ও অভিজ্ঞতার কথা স্মরণ করেন এবং বলেন যে তিনি যা কিছুর সম্মুখীন হয়েছেন, তার অংশ হয়ে গেছেন। বয়স হলেও, ইউলিসিসের মধ্যে নতুন জ্ঞান ও অভিজ্ঞতার জন্য একটি অতৃপ্ত আকাঙ্ক্ষা রয়েছে। তিনি তার রাজ্য পুত্র টেলেমেকাসের হাতে ছেড়ে দেওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নেন, যাকে তিনি যোগ্য ও দায়িত্বশীল তবে গার্হস্থ্য কর্তব্যে নিবদ্ধ বলে বর্ণনা করেছেন। এরপর ইউলিসিস তার অনুগত নাবিকদের সম্বোধন করেন, যারা তার অতীতের যাত্রাপথের সঙ্গী ছিলেন। তিনি তাদের মনে করিয়ে দেন যে বয়স্ক হওয়া সত্ত্বেও, তারা এখনও একটি শেষ মহৎ যাত্রা শুরু করতে সক্ষম। তিনি তাদের পরিচিত বিশ্বের বাইরে, নতুন অ্যাডভেঞ্চার এবং জ্ঞানের সন্ধানে মৃত্যু পর্যন্ত যাত্রা করার জন্য উৎসাহিত করেন। কবিতাটি তাদের চেষ্টা করার, অন্বেষণ করার, খুঁজে বের করার এবং হার না মানার দৃঢ় ইচ্ছার এক শক্তিশালী ঘোষণার মাধ্যমে শেষ হয়।

Fact File:

• Written in: 1833
• Author: Alfred, Lord Tennyson
• Literary Age: The Victorian Age
• Genre: Dramatic monologue
• Setting: Greek island of Ithaca
• Form: Blank verse
• Hero: Ulysses (Roman name for Greek hero Odysseus)
• Similar portrayal: Dante's 'Inferno'
• Number of lines: 70
• Speaker/Narrator: Ulysses
• Ulysses is: a lover of attaining knowledge, a person who loves adventure, an aspirant for the unattainable
• From the poem, Ulysses is: growing old, a hero, the King of Ithaca

Ulysses: The Poem with Bengali Meaning and Word Meanings

Here is the poem with a simple Bengali translation for each line and some easy word meanings:

Ulysses By Alfred, Lord Tennyson

It little profits that an idle king,

এর সামান্যই লাভ যে একজন অলস রাজা হয়ে,

Profits: লাভ হয় (is beneficial)

Idle: অলস (inactive)

By this still hearth, among these barren crags,

এই শান্ত অগ্নিকুণ্ডের পাশে, এই অনুর্বর পাথরের মধ্যে,

Still hearth: শান্ত অগ্নিকুণ্ড (quiet fireplace, symbolizing home life)

Barren crags: অনুর্বর পাথর (rocky, unproductive land)

Match'd with an aged wife, I mete and dole

একজন বয়স্ক স্ত্রীর সাথে মানানসই হয়ে, আমি পরিমাপ করি এবং বিতরণ করি

Match'd with: সাথে মানানসই (paired with)

Aged: বয়স্ক (old)

Mete and dole: পরিমাপ করা এবং বিতরণ করা (measure and distribute, referring to ruling)

Unequal laws unto a savage race,

একটি অসভ্য জাতির প্রতি অসম আইন,

Unequal laws: অসম আইন (unfair rules)

Savage race: অসভ্য জাতি (uncivilized people)

That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.

যারা সঞ্চয় করে, ঘুমায়, খায়, এবং আমাকে চেনে না।

Hoard: সঞ্চয় করা (save up)

Feed: খাওয়া (eat)

Know not me: আমাকে চেনে না (do not know me)

I cannot rest from travel: I will drink

আমি ভ্রমণ থেকে বিশ্রাম নিতে পারি না: আমি পান করব

Rest from travel: ভ্রমণ থেকে বিশ্রাম (stop travelling)

Drink: পান করা (drink)

Life to the lees: All times I have enjoy'd

জীবনকে শেষ বিন্দু পর্যন্ত: সব সময় আমি উপভোগ করেছি

To the lees: শেষ বিন্দু পর্যন্ত (to the very end, to the fullest)

Enjoy'd: উপভোগ করেছি (enjoyed)

Greatly, have suffer'd greatly, both with those

খুব বেশি, খুব বেশি কষ্ট পেয়েছি, তাদের সাথেও

Suffer'd: কষ্ট পেয়েছি (suffered)

That loved me, and alone, on shore, and when

যারা আমাকে ভালোবাসত, এবং একা, তীরে, এবং যখন

Those That loved me: যারা আমাকে ভালোবাসত (people who loved me)

Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades

দ্রুত ধাবমান বরফের স্তূপের মধ্যে বৃষ্টিময় হাইড্রাস নক্ষত্রপুঞ্জ

Scudding drifts: দ্রুত ধাবমান স্তূপ (fast-moving piles of snow/rain)

Rainy Hyades: বৃষ্টিময় হাইড্রাস নক্ষত্রপুঞ্জ (a star cluster associated with rain)

Vext the dim sea: I am become a name;

ক্ষুব্ধ করেছে আবছা সমুদ্রকে: আমি একটি নামে পরিণত হয়েছি;

Vext: ক্ষুব্ধ করেছে (troubled, agitated)

Dim sea: আবছা সমুদ্র (dark or unclear sea)

Become a name: একটি নামে পরিণত হওয়া (become famous)

For always roaming with a hungry heart

সর্বদা একটি ক্ষুধার্ত হৃদয় নিয়ে ঘুরে বেড়ানোর জন্য

Roaming: ঘুরে বেড়ানো (wandering)

Hungry heart: ক্ষুধার্ত হৃদয় (a strong desire or longing)

Much have I seen and known; cities of men

অনেক দেখেছি এবং জেনেছি; মানুষের শহর

Seen and known: দেখেছি এবং জেনেছি (experienced and learned)

And manners, climates, councils, governments,

এবং রীতিনীতি, জলবায়ু, পরিষদ, সরকার,

Manners: রীতিনীতি (customs, ways of life)

Climates: জলবায়ু (weather conditions)

Councils: পরিষদ (governing bodies)

Governments: সরকার (systems of rule)

Myself not least, but honour'd of them all;

আমি নিজেও কম নই, বরং সকলের দ্বারা সম্মানিত হয়েছি;

Not least: কম নয় (not the least important, significant)

Honour'd: সম্মানিত (honored)

And drunk delight of battle with my peers,

এবং আমার সমকক্ষদের সাথে যুদ্ধের আনন্দ পান করেছি,

Drunk delight: আনন্দ পান করা (experienced great pleasure, like drinking)

Peers: সমকক্ষ (equals in status or ability)

Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy.

দূরবর্তী বায়ুপ্রবণ ট্রয়ের রণভূমিতে।

Ringing plains: রণভূমি যেখানে আওয়াজ হয় (battlefields with the sound of war)

Windy Troy: বায়ুপ্রবণ ট্রয় (Troy, a city known for wind)

I am a part of all that I have met;

আমি যা কিছুর সম্মুখীন হয়েছি, তার অংশ হয়ে গেছি;

Met: সম্মুখীন হয়েছি (encountered, experienced)

Yet all experience is an arch wherethro'

তবুও সমস্ত অভিজ্ঞতা একটি খিলানের মতো যার মধ্য দিয়ে

Experience: অভিজ্ঞতা (the process of gaining knowledge or skill)

Arch: খিলান (a curved structure)

Wherethro': যার মধ্য দিয়ে (through which)

Gleams that untravell'd world whose margin fades

সেই অনাবিষ্কৃত জগতের ঝলক দেখা যায় যার কিনারা ম্লান হয়ে যায়

Gleams: ঝলক দেখা যায় (shines)

Untravell'd world: অনাবিষ্কৃত জগৎ (unknown or unexplored world)

Margin fades: কিনারা ম্লান হয়ে যায় (edge disappears)

For ever and forever when I move.

চিরকালের জন্য যখন আমি অগ্রসর হই।

For ever and forever: চিরকালের জন্য (always)

Move: অগ্রসর হওয়া (move forward)

How dull it is to pause, to make an end,

থেমে যাওয়া, শেষ করা কত নিস্তেজ;

Dull: নিস্তেজ (boring, not interesting)

Pause: থামা (stop temporarily)

Make an end: শেষ করা (finish)

To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use!

ব্যবহার না হয়ে মরিচা পড়া, ব্যবহারে উজ্জ্বল না হওয়া!

Rust unburnish'd: ব্যবহার না হয়ে মরিচা পড়া (to become inactive and lose one's ability, like metal rusting)

Shine in use: ব্যবহারে উজ্জ্বল হওয়া (to be active and effective)

As tho' to breathe were life! Life piled on life

যেন শুধু শ্বাস নেওয়াই জীবন! জীবনের পর জীবন

As tho': যেন (as if)

Breathe: শ্বাস নেওয়া (take air into the lungs)

Life piled on life: জীবনের পর জীবন (many lifetimes)

Were all too little, and of one to me

খুবই সামান্য হবে, এবং একটি জীবন আমার কাছে

Little remains: but every hour is saved

সামান্যই অবশিষ্ট আছে: কিন্তু প্রতিটি ঘন্টা রক্ষা করা হয়

From that eternal silence, something more,

Saved: রক্ষা করা হয় (saved)

A bringer of new things; and vile it were

নতুন জিনিসের আনয়নকারী; এবং এটা ঘৃণ্য হবে

Eternal silence: চিরন্তন নীরবতা (death)

Bringer of new things: নতুন জিনিসের আনয়নকারী (something that brings new things)

For some three suns to store and hoard myself,

প্রায় তিন বছর ধরে নিজেকে সঞ্চয় করে রাখা,

Vile: ঘৃণ্য (disgusting, unpleasant)

Some three suns: প্রায় তিন বছর (approximately three years)

Store and hoard myself: নিজেকে সঞ্চয় করে রাখা (keep oneself inactive)

And this gray spirit yearning in desire

এবং এই ধূসর আত্মা আকাঙ্ক্ষায় ব্যাকুল

Gray spirit: ধূসর আত্মা (aging or weary spirit)

Yearning in desire: আকাঙ্ক্ষায় ব্যাকুল (strongly desiring something)

To follow knowledge like a sinking star,

জ্ঞানের অনুসরণ করা একটি অস্তগামী তারার মতো,

Follow knowledge: জ্ঞানের অনুসরণ করা (seek knowledge)

Sinking star: অস্তগামী তারা (a star that is setting, possibly symbolizing the end of life but still pursuing knowledge)

Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.

মানুষের চিন্তার চরম সীমার বাইরে।

Utmost bound: চরম সীমা (farthest limit)

Human thought: মানুষের চিন্তা (what humans can think or know)

This is my son, mine own Telemachus,

এই হল আমার পুত্র, আমার নিজের টেলেমেকাস,

Mine own: আমার নিজের (my own)

To whom I leave the sceptre and the isle,—

যাকে আমি রাজদণ্ড এবং দ্বীপটি ছেড়ে যাচ্ছি,—

Leave: ছেড়ে যাচ্ছি (leaving)

Sceptre: রাজদণ্ড (a staff held by a king as a symbol of authority)

Isle: দ্বীপ (island)

Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfil

আমার দ্বারা অত্যন্ত প্রিয়, পূর্ণ করার জন্য বিচক্ষণ

Well-loved: অত্যন্ত প্রিয় (much loved)

Discerning: বিচক্ষণ (having good judgment)

Fulfil: পূর্ণ করা (carry out, complete)

This labour, by slow prudence to make mild

এই শ্রম, ধীর বিচক্ষণতার মাধ্যমে শান্ত করতে

Labour: শ্রম (work, task)

Slow prudence: ধীর বিচক্ষণতা (careful and sensible action over time)

Make mild: শান্ত করা (make gentle or calm)

A rugged people, and thro' soft degrees

একটি অসভ্য জাতিকে, এবং মৃদু পদ্ধতির মাধ্যমে

Rugged people: অসভ্য জাতি (rough or uncivilized people)

Thro' soft degrees: মৃদু পদ্ধতির মাধ্যমে (gradually and gently)

Subdue them to the useful and the good.

তাদেরকে উপযোগী ও ভালোর দিকে চালিত করতে।

Subdue: চালিত করা (bring under control or influence)

Useful and the good: উপযোগী ও ভালো (beneficial and morally right)

Most blameless is he, centred in the sphere

সে অত্যন্ত নির্দোষ, জগতের কেন্দ্রে নিবদ্ধ

Blameless: নির্দোষ (without fault)

Of common duties, decent not to fail

সাধারণ কর্তব্যের, ব্যর্থ না হওয়ার জন্য শোভন

Centered in the sphere Of common duties: সাধারণ কর্তব্যের জগতে নিবদ্ধ (focused on everyday responsibilities)

Decent: শোভন (proper, respectable)

In offices of tenderness, and pay

কোমলতার কর্তব্যগুলিতে, এবং প্রদান করে

Not to fail In offices of tenderness: কোমলতার কর্তব্যগুলিতে ব্যর্থ না হওয়া (not fail in duties of kindness and care)

Meet adoration to my household gods,

আমার গৃহদেবতাদের প্রতি উপযুক্ত পূজা,

Meet adoration: উপযুক্ত পূজা (fitting worship)

Household gods: গৃহদেবতা (gods protecting the home)

When I am gone. He works his work, I mine.

যখন আমি চলে যাবো। সে তার কাজ করে, আমি আমারটা।

I mine: আমি আমারটা (I do mine)

There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail:

সেখানে বন্দর রয়েছে; জাহাজ তার পাল ফুলিয়ে আছে:

Port: বন্দর (harbor)

Vessel: জাহাজ (ship)

Puffs her sail: পাল ফুলিয়ে আছে (sails are filled with wind)

There gloom the dark, broad seas. My mariners,

সেখানে অন্ধকার, প্রশস্ত সমুদ্র বিষণ্ণ দেখাচ্ছে। আমার নাবিকেরা,

Gloom: বিষণ্ণ দেখাচ্ছে (appear dark and threatening)

Dark, broad seas: অন্ধকার, প্রশস্ত সমুদ্র (large, dark oceans)

Mariners: নাবিকেরা (sailors)

Souls that have toil'd, and wrought, and thought with me—

প্রাণ যারা আমার সাথে পরিশ্রম করেছে, কাজ করেছে এবং চিন্তা করেছে—

Souls: প্রাণ (people, referring to the mariners)

Toil'd: পরিশ্রম করেছে (worked hard)

Wrought: কাজ করেছে (done, accomplished)

Thought: চিন্তা করেছে (thought)

That ever with a frolic welcome took

যারা সর্বদা একটি আনন্দময় স্বাগত জানিয়েছে

The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed

বজ্র ও সূর্যালোকে, এবং প্রতিরোধ করেছে

The thunder and the sunshine: বজ্র ও সূর্যালোক (symbolizing difficulties and good times)

Opposed: প্রতিরোধ করেছে (resisted, faced)

Free hearts, free foreheads—you and I are old;

মুক্ত হৃদয়, মুক্ত কপাল—তুমি এবং আমি বৃদ্ধ;

Free hearts, free foreheads: মুক্ত হৃদয়, মুক্ত কপাল (independent and brave spirits)

Old age hath yet his honour and his toil;

বার্ধক্য এখনো তার সম্মান এবং শ্রম ধারণ করে;

Old age hath yet his honour and his toil: বার্ধক্য এখনো তার সম্মান এবং শ্রম ধারণ করে (old age still has its dignity and work)

Death closes all: but something ere the end,

মৃত্যু সবকিছু বন্ধ করে দেয়: কিন্তু শেষের আগে কিছু,

Death closes all: মৃত্যু সবকিছু বন্ধ করে দেয় (death brings everything to an end)

Ere the end: শেষের আগে (before the end)

Some work of noble note, may yet be done,

কিছু মহৎ কাজ করা যেতে পারে,

Noble note: মহৎ কাজ (important or significant deed)

Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.

ঈশ্বরের সাথে প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা করা পুরুষদের জন্য যা অযোগ্য নয়।

Unbecoming: অযোগ্য (not fitting or proper)

Strove with Gods: ঈশ্বরের সাথে প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা করা (competed or struggled with divine beings)

The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks:

পাথর থেকে আলো জ্বলতে শুরু করেছে:

Lights: আলো (lights, possibly from ships or stars)

Twinkle: জ্বলজ্বল করা (shine with a flickering light)

Rocks: পাথর (rocks, possibly symbolizing the shore or obstacles)

The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep

দীর্ঘ দিন অস্ত যাচ্ছে: ধীর চাঁদ উঠছে: গভীর সমুদ্র

Wanes: অস্ত যাচ্ছে (decreases in size or strength)

Climbs: উঠছে (rises)

The deep: গভীর সমুদ্র (the ocean)

Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends,

অনেক কণ্ঠে গর্জন করছে। এসো, আমার বন্ধুরা,

Moans: গর্জন করছে (makes a low, mournful sound)

'T is not too late to seek a newer world.

নতুন বিশ্বের সন্ধান করা খুব দেরি নয়।

'T is: এটা (it is)

Seek: সন্ধান করা (look for)

Newer world: নতুন বিশ্ব (a new place or experience)

Push off, and sitting well in order smite

ঠেলে নিয়ে যাও, এবং সারিবদ্ধভাবে বসে আঘাত করো

Push off: ঠেলে নিয়ে যাও (start sailing)

Sitting well in order: সারিবদ্ধভাবে বসে (sitting in the correct position)

Smite: আঘাত করা (strike, hit)

The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds

আওয়াজ করা ঢেউগুলিকে; কারণ আমার উদ্দেশ্য স্থির রয়েছে

Sounding furrows: আওয়াজ করা ঢেউ (noisy waves made by the ship)

Purpose holds: উদ্দেশ্য স্থির রয়েছে (intention remains firm)

To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths

সূর্যাস্তের বাইরে যাত্রা করার জন্য, এবং স্নানস্থানগুলির

Beyond the sunset: সূর্যাস্তের বাইরে (beyond the western horizon, into the unknown)

Baths Of all the western stars: সমস্ত পশ্চিমী তারাদের স্নানস্থান (the ocean where western stars appear to set)

Of all the western stars, until I die.

সমস্ত পশ্চিমী তারাদের, যতক্ষণ না আমি মারা যাই।

Of all the western stars, until I die: সমস্ত পশ্চিমী তারাদের, যতক্ষণ না আমি মারা যাই (referring to the vastness of the ocean and the duration of the journey)

It may be that the gulfs will wash us down:

হতে পারে গভীর খাদগুলি আমাদের ভাসিয়ে নিয়ে যাবে:

Gulfs: গভীর খাদ (deep parts of the sea)

Wash us down: আমাদের ভাসিয়ে নিয়ে যাবে (carry us to the bottom)

It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,

হতে পারে আমরা সুখী দ্বীপপুঞ্জে পৌঁছাবো,

Happy Isles: সুখী দ্বীপপুঞ্জ (Elysium, the dwelling place of heroes after death in Greek mythology)

Touch: পৌঁছানো (reach)

And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.

এবং মহান অ্যাকিলিসকে দেখব, যাকে আমরা চিনতাম।

Achilles: অ্যাকিলিস (a great Greek hero in the Trojan War)

Whom we knew: যাকে আমরা চিনতাম (whom we were familiar with)

Tho' much is taken, much abides; and tho'

যদিও অনেক কিছু নেওয়া হয়েছে, অনেক কিছু অবশিষ্ট আছে; এবং যদিও

Tho': যদিও (though)

Taken: নেওয়া হয়েছে (taken away)

Abides: অবশিষ্ট আছে (remains)

We are not now that strength which in old days

আমরা এখন সেই শক্তি নই যা অতীতের দিনগুলিতে

Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are;

পৃথিবী ও আকাশকে কাঁপিয়েছিল, আমরা যা আছি, তাই আছি;

Moved earth and heaven: পৃথিবী ও আকাশকে কাঁপিয়েছিল (had great power)

That which we are, we are: আমরা যা আছি, তাই আছি (we are what we are, accepting their current state)

One equal temper of heroic hearts,

বীর হৃদয়গুলির একটি অবিচল মানসিকতা,

One equal temper of heroic hearts: বীর হৃদয়গুলির একটি অবিচল মানসিকতা (a consistent and brave spirit)

Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will:

সময় ও ভাগ্য দ্বারা দুর্বল হয়েছে, কিন্তু ইচ্ছাশক্তিতে শক্তিশালী

Made weak by time and fate: সময় ও ভাগ্য দ্বারা দুর্বল হয়েছে (weakened by age and destiny)

Strong in will: ইচ্ছাশক্তিতে শক্তিশালী (having a strong determination)

To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.

চেষ্টা করতে, খুঁজতে, খুঁজে বের করতে, এবং হার না মানতে।

To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield: চেষ্টা করতে, খুঁজতে, খুঁজে বের করতে, এবং হার না মানতে (to make great efforts, to look for, to discover, and not to give up)

One-Liner Questions and Answers :

When was the poem 'Ulysses' written?

1833

Who wrote the poem 'Ulysses'?

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Which age did Tennyson belong to?

The Victorian Age

What is the genre of the poem 'Ulysses'?

Dramatic monologue

What is the setting of 'Ulysses'?

Greek island of Ithaca

According to mythology, Ulysses is the king of which place?

Ithaca

In which form is 'Ulysses' written?

Blank or free verse

The title 'Ulysses' refers to the Roman name for which Greek hero?

Odysseus

Which poet's portrayal of Ulysses has a similarity with Tennyson's?

Dante's 'Inferno'

How many lines are there in the poem 'Ulysses'?

70

Who is the speaker of the poem?

Ulysses

What does Ulysses love to attain?

Knowledge

What is Ulysses' view on adventure?

He loves adventure

From the poem, what can be understood about Ulysses?

He is growing old, a hero, and the King of Ithaca

Who is referred to as the 'idle king' in the poem?

Ulysses

What is meant by an 'idle king'?

A king who is inactive and not engaged in battles or thrilling adventures

What does Ulysses express dissatisfaction for at the beginning of the poem?

His current life of inactivity as the king of Ithaca ruling his subjects

How does Ulysses view his current role as king?

He feels discontented and bored by his duties as a king

What metaphor does Ulysses use to describe his present life?

The still hearth

What does 'this still hearth' symbolize?

Uneventful life at home

What is the significance of 'this still hearth' in Ulysses' life?

It signifies stagnation and inactivity

What is referred to as 'barren crags'?

The rocky island of Ithaca

The 'barren crags' can be interpreted as a metaphor for what?

Ulysses' uneventful life

Why does Ulysses refer to the 'barren crags'?

To emphasize the isolation and harshness of the environment of Ithaca

How does Ulysses feel about his current life based on the phrase "By this still hearth, among these barren crags"?

He feels restless and trapped in a monotonous life

What is the name of Ulysses' wife?

Penelope

What does Ulysses think of his wife, Penelope?

He barely mentions her, implying a distance

What is implied by Ulysses' description of his wife as "aged"?

She is no longer desirable to Ulysses

What does the phrase "mete and dole" mean?

Governs or rules over his subjects

What do 'unequal laws' mean in the line "Unequal laws unto a savage race"?

Established laws that are not equal for all

What does Ulysses mean by the line "I mete and dole/Unequal laws unto a savage race"?

He finds ruling tedious and unrewarding

Who are regarded as 'savage race'?

People of Ithaca

What does Ulysses imply by describing his subjects as 'a savage race'?

He sees his subjects as uncivilized

What does the phrase "Unequal laws unto a savage race" reveal about Ulysses' view of his leadership?

He is critical of how he rules his people

What does Ulysses mean by "That hoard, and sleep, and feed...."?

His subjects live simple, mundane lives without engaging in wars or adventures

How aware are the subjects of Ulysses about him?

Ignorant about him

What does Ulysses' statement 'know not me' indicate about his relationship with his subjects?

He feels unknown and unappreciated by the people he rules

What contrast is highlighted between Ulysses and his people in the lines "That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me"?

Ulysses sees his people as living simple, instinctive lives, while he feels intellectually and emotionally above them

What does Ulysses want to say by "I cannot rest from travel"?

He is restless and has no desire to stop travelling and exploring the world

What does Ulysses suggest about his future in the context of the line "I cannot rest from travel"?

He desires to leave behind his current life and seek adventure again

What is the speaker in 'Ulysses' longing for?

New adventures and experiences

What does Ulysses compare life to in the poem?

A journey

What does the word 'lees' refer to?

The sediment at the bottom of a drink

In the line "I will drink / Life to the lees," what does Ulysses mean?

He wants to live life to the fullest, embracing every experience

What does the speaker say about his past experiences?

In life he has enjoyed and suffered greatly, both in company and alone

How does Ulysses view his past experiences?

Essential to his identity

By the phrase "those / That loved me," Ulysses refers to whom?

His fellow warriors and companions

What does Ulysses suggest about his life when he says, "both with those / That loved me, and alone"?

He has experienced both companionship and solitude in his journeys

What is the significance of 'scudding drifts' in Ulysses' travels?

It symbolizes the obstacles and challenges he faced at the sea

Hyades is a group of stars of which shape?

'V' shape

What is the effect of the 'rainy Hyades' on the sea?

The stars are said to cause rain and storms, disturbing the sea

What does the reference to the 'rainy Hyades' reveal about the tone of Ulysses' experiences at sea?

It represents the difficulties and challenges faced during Ulysses' journeys

What do the images of 'rainy Hyades' and 'scudding drifts' symbolize about Ulysses' personality?

His endurance and perseverance in the face of challenging circumstances

Why has Tennyson included the imagery of 'scudding drifts' and 'rainy Hyades' in Ulysses' monologue?

To highlight the physical and emotional challenges Ulysses faced in his journeys

The phrase 'Vext the dim sea' refers to which natural phenomenon?

Stormy weather

What does Ulysses mean by "I am become a name"?

He has become famous and well known for his deeds and travels

Ulysses' 'hungry heart' symbolizes what?

His unquenchable thirst for adventure and knowledge

What does Ulysses claim about his past experiences when he says, "Much have I seen and known"?

He has travelled extensively and learned a lot

"Much have I seen and known" is an example of what literary device?

Inversion or hyperbaton

Ulysses' reference to "cities of men and manners, climates, councils, governments" suggests what?

He has experienced and learned from a wide variety of cultures, governments, and social customs

What does Ulysses mean when he says "Myself not least, but honour'd of them all"?

He feels he was regarded with the highest respect and honour wherever he travelled

In the phrase "And drunk delight of battle with my peers," what does 'drunk delight' imply?

He enjoyed the thrill and excitement of battles with those of equal status

What does "Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy" refer to?

His participation in the Trojan War

When Ulysses reflects on the "ringing plains of windy Troy," he is reminiscing about what?

The glory and excitement of the Trojan War

Why is Troy described as 'windy' in the phrase "ringing plains of windy Troy"?

It highlights the chaotic, harsh conditions of the battlefield

In the line "Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy," what literary device is used?

Onomatopoeia

What is the significance of Ulysses' statement: "I am a part of all that I have met"?

It reflects his feeling of insignificance in comparison to the vast universe

What does Ulysses mean by "I am a part of all that I have met"?

He means that his experiences have shaped him

The speaker describes all his experiences as an arch through which what happens?

He can see the fading margin of an untravell'd sea

What metaphor does Ulysses use to describe experience?

An arch

Which literary device is employed in "Gleams that untravell'd world whose margin fades"?

Imagery

What does Ulysses' yearning for 'the untravell'd world' symbolize?

His search for a higher purpose

According to Ulysses, what happens when he moves towards the 'untravell'd world'?

The margin of the new world fades forever

What does Ulysses imply by the phrase 'untravell'd world'?

The unknown future and experiences yet to come

What does Ulysses say about the 'untravell'd world'?

It shines with the promise of new experiences

How does Ulysses view the concept of experience based on "whose margin fades for ever and forever when I move"?

Experience constantly opens new possibilities and horizons

What does Ulysses suggest about movement and exploration in "For ever and forever when I move"?

Exploration constantly reveals more of the unknown

Which statement best describes Ulysses' perspective on his past battles?

He glorifies them as vital experiences

What does Ulysses imply about the nature of life when he says, "How dull it is to pause, to make an end"?

Life should be in constant motion

Which phrase describes Ulysses' view of life when it is not active?

"To rust unburnish'd"

Which theme is primarily reflected in the line "To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use"?

The value of action and purpose

What does the phrase "to shine in use" suggest?

Ulysses' desire to remain active

In the metaphor "To rust unburnish'd," what does 'rust' symbolize?

Old age and inactivity

What does Ulysses suggest about living in the line "As tho' to breathe were life"?

Mere existence is not living

What does Ulysses mean by "Life piled on life/Were all too little"?

One life is not enough to experience everything he desires

What does Ulysses mean by "every hour is saved / From that eternal silence"?

Every moment of life is an opportunity to explore something new

What is the significance of "every hour is saved / From that eternal silence"?

Time is short and valuable

'Eternal silence' refers to what?

Death and the cessation of life

The phrase 'eternal silence' is an example of what literary device?

An euphemism

What does Ulysses mean by "something more, a bringer of new things"?

Each hour offers the possibility of new experiences

What does Ulysses consider 'vile' in the poem?

Sitting idle for three years

After returning from the Trojan War, how long did Ulysses stay in Ithaca?

3 years

Ulysses does not want to do what?

Hoard and sleep / sit by the still hearth

What does Ulysses mean by "For some three suns to store and hoard myself"?

He doesn't want to waste time doing nothing

What type of spirit does Ulysses claim to have?

A gray spirit yearning for more

Ulysses' 'gray spirit' is yearning for what?

Adventure and new knowledge

What feeling does Ulysses express in the lines "this gray spirit yearning in desire"?

A deep longing for new challenges and experiences

In the context of the poem, what does Ulysses mean by "To follow knowledge like a sinking star"?

Even though he is about to die, he would seek for more knowledge

In the phrase "To follow knowledge like a sinking star," which literary device is used?

Simile

What does Ulysses mean by "Beyond the utmost bound of human thought"?

He wants to push the limits of what is known or imaginable to humans

Who is Ulysses' son mentioned in the poem?

Telemachus

In the line "This is my son, mine own Telemachus," what is the significance of the word 'own'?

It shows Ulysses' pride in his son

Whom does Ulysses name as his heir in the poem?

His son, Telemachus

To whom does Ulysses wish to leave his sceptre and the island when he sets out for a voyage?

Telemachus

How does Ulysses describe his son, Telemachus?

Well-loved, discerning and prudent

What does Ulysses mean by saying Telemachus is "discerning to fulfil / This labour"?

Telemachus is wise and capable of ruling the kingdom

What is the meaning of 'soft degrees'?

Gradually

Who is referred to as "Most blameless is he"?

Telemachus

Why does Ulysses consider Telemachus "most blameless"?

He is dutiful, practical, faultless and virtuous

What is the significance of Ulysses' description of Telemachus as "blameless"?

It contrasts with Ulysses' own restlessness and desire for more experiences

What does the phrase "centered in the sphere / Of common duties" imply about Telemachus?

He is focused on everyday responsibilities

What does 'offices of tenderness' mean in the poem?

Household duties

How does Ulysses view the concept of duty?

As less important than the pursuit of personal goals

The speaker emphasizes the importance of showing what?

Adoration to household gods

What is the significance of Ulysses leaving the 'household gods' to Telemachus?

It symbolizes the transfer of domestic responsibility

The sceptre is the symbol of what?

Justice and power

In the line "He works his work, I mine," 'he' refers to whom?

Telemachus

The line "He works his work, I mine" emphasizes what?

The difference in character and purpose between Ulysses and Telemachus

In line 44, "There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail," what does the 'vessel' symbolize?

Ulysses' opportunity for new adventures

The phrase "There gloom the dark, broad seas" suggests what?

The dangers that lie ahead

Who are the 'mariners' that Ulysses refers to?

His brave and loyal sailors and companions

In the poem, Ulysses refers to his mariners as "Souls that have toil'd, and wrought, and thought with me". What does this indicate about his relationship with them?

They are his equals and comrades

The phrase "The thunder and the sunshine" refers to what?

Both good and bad weather

What is the significance of 'free foreheads'?

Unburdened minds

The line "Free hearts, free foreheads" highlights what?

The mariners' independence and courage

What does Ulysses suggest about old age?

It still holds opportunities for noble deeds

The phrase 'Death closes all' is an example of what literary device?

Personification

What does the line "Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods" suggest about the men described?

They were daring enough to challenge the Gods

Describe the character of Ulysses and his fellow-mariners.

They exhibit valour and nobility

What do the 'lights' in the line "The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks" symbolize?

Lanterns of sailors

How do the 'twinkling lights' relate to Ulysses' state of mind?

They symbolize hope and guidance for his journey

The 'rocks' symbolize what?

Obstacles in Ulysses' journey

Whom does Ulysses refer to as 'my friends'?

His fellow-mariners

The action described by 'push off' is what?

Setting sail on a new voyage

Fill in the Blanks:

Alfred Tennyson was an English writer.

Ulysses was the great Greek warrior Odysseus .

The setting of Ulysses is the Greek island of Ithaca .

At the beginning of the poem, Ulysses expresses dissatisfaction with his current life as the king of Ithaca ruling his subjects.

The phrase 'it little profits' means it is useless and fruitless .

Ulysses' reference to barren crags suggests that he feels a deep sense of isolation and emptiness .

According to Ulysses, he governs his people with unequal laws.

Ulysses feels annoyed with his wife and his people .

The speaker considers his subjects to be a savage race.

According to Ulysses, his people only engage in activities like hoarding, sleeping, and feeding .

Ulysses cannot take rest from travelling .

Ulysses is determined to drink the wine of life to the dregs .

The comparison in "drink life to the lees" is an example of metaphor .

Ulysses describes his past experiences as having enjoyed and suffered greatly, both in company and alone .

The rainy Hyades vexed the dim sea.

Ulysses is a part of all that he has met .

The speaker describes all his experiences as an arch through which he can see the fading margin of an untravell'd sea.

How dull it is to pause , to make an end.

To rust unburnish'd , not to shine in use.

Living without purpose for three days is considered vile by Ulysses.

Ulysses' gray spirit yearns in desire to follow knowledge .

Ulysses' gray spirit yearning in desire signifies his continuing passion for exploration and knowledge .

Ulysses believes that old age still holds opportunities for noble deeds .

Ulysses believes that they may touch the Happy Isles .

According to mythology, the Happy Isles is the place where ancient heroes were believed to go after death .

Ulysses mentions the great Greek hero Achilles .

Tho' much is taken, much abides .

Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will .

To strive, to seek, to find , and not to yield.

According to Ulysses, the spirit of his mariners was free .

Ulysses and his mariners have equal hunger for adventure .

Ulysses and his mariners are unafraid of the unknown .

Ulysses and his mariners are equally brave and have the same spirit of endurance .

Ulysses and his mariners fought bravely against Achilles .

How is the strength of Ulysses and his mariners described?

Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will .

What is the effect of the line "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield"?

It offers a resolution to Ulysses' internal conflict.

In Tennyson's 'Ulysses', the speaker reflects on a life of restless adventure .

How does the speaker describe his travels and experiences?

As significant and worthwhile.

Ulysses' reference to "cities of men and manners...councils, governments" highlights the significance of human societies.

True

He sees himself as a figure with little honour .

What motivates Ulysses to continue travelling?

He is a lover of knowledge and adventure.

Ulysses' desire to explore the unknown world is an example of ambition .

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